Ddeacetyl asperulosidic acid methyl ester is a natual product isolated from the herbs of Hedyotis diffusa Willdit can lower the blood glucose level in normal mice.

d-Neomenthol is a natural product.

Zederone has anti-bacterial activity,it inhibits gram-positive bacteria activity. Zederone induces hepatotoxicity implicated the induction of Cyps, which leads to the formation of biological reactive metabolites and that cause the oxidative stress and liver cell injuries.